What is guarded hot plate method?

The guarded hot plate method is a steady state measurement method which determines the thermal conductivity of a material by using the electrical power output of a hot plate with guided heat conduction. The sample is heated from one side by an electrically heated plate.

What is the working principle of guarded hot plate apparatus?

The Guarded Hot Plate instrument measures the thermal conductivity of insulation products. The GHP principle is based on an absolute measurement method and therefore requires no calibration standards. It offers optimum accuracy in the available temperature range.

How do you calculate experimental thermal conductivity?

There are several methods of experimentally determining thermal conductivity, such as the steady state or comparative method, the radial flow method, the laser-flash diffusivity method, and the pulse-power method [1].

How do you measure thermal properties?

For measuring thermal conductivity, there are four main types of measurement setups: the guarded hot plate (GHP), the heat‐flow meter (HFM), the hot wire, and laser flash diffusivity.

What is Eddy’s hot plate?

The hot plate test is used in basic pain research and in testing the effectiveness of analgesics by observing the reaction to pain caused by heat. It was proposed by Eddy and Leimbach in 1953.

What is a laboratory hot plate?

A hot plate is a self-contained electronic warmer that uses heating elements to control temperatures. Scientific hot plates are generally used to heat samples in glass beakers, flasks, vials, bottles and other vessels. They fit conveniently on laboratory table-tops and feature a small footprint.

What is the significance of thermal conductivity in heat transfer?

Thermal Conductivity: A measure of the ability of a material to transfer heat. Given two surfaces on either side of a material with a temperature difference between them, the thermal conductivity is the heat energy transferred per unit time and per unit surface area, divided by the temperature difference [1].

What do you understand by unsteady heat transfer experiment?

Heat transfer is the transfer of thermal energy from a body, at a high temperature, to another at a lower temperature. Under Steady state conditions the temperature within the system does not change with time. Conversely, under unsteady state conditions the temperature within the system does vary with time.

What is bulk thermal conductivity?

Bulk thermal conductivity is the intrinsic property of the material itself. Effective thermal conductivity includes the contact thermal resistance with the adjoining surfaces and will be less than the bulk value.

How is steady-state heat transfer measured?

In the steady-state measurement, the thermal conductivity and interfacial thermal conductance are determined by measuring the temperature difference ∆ at a separation (distance) under the steady-state heat flow through the sample.

What is cut-off time for hot plate experiment?

For the Hot Plate test, the hot plate was set to a constant temperature of 52.5°C and a cut-off time of 60 seconds was used.

Which of the following is the procedure of the hot plate?

The temperature of the hot plate is set using a thermoregulated water-circulated pump. The time of latency is defined as the time period between the zero point, when the animal is placed on the hot plate surface, and the time when the animal licks its paw or jumps off to avoid thermal pain.

How does the guarded hot plate method work?

With the guarded hot plate method, a material sample is heated from one side by an electrically heated plate. The heat output (= rate of heat flow) corresponds to the electrical power supplied to the heating.

How many specimens are in a guarded hot plate?

The hot plate and the guard ring are sandwiched between two specimens of the same material and approximately the same thickness ( Δx ). Typically, two specimens are preferred for a measurement, but it is also possible to work with only one test specimen.

Where are the cold plates placed in a GHP?

Auxiliary heaters (cold plates) are placed above and below the samples. The cold plates are heated such that a precisely defined, user-selectable temperature difference ( ΔT) is established between the hot and the cold plates and thus also over the entire sample thickness.

Is the guard ring and hot plate the same?

The GHP principle is based on an absolute measurement method and therefore requires no calibration standards. It offers optimum accuracy in the available temperature range. The hot plate and the guard ring are sandwiched between two specimens of the same material and approximately the same thickness ( Δx ).