By How does reciprocal translocation affect fertility?
In reciprocal translocations, the type of rearrangement results from breakage of nonhomologous chromosomes, with reciprocal exchange of the broken-off segments [64]. Balanced reciprocal translocations are thought to directly contribute to both infertility and recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL).
What does reciprocal translocation cause?
Reciprocal translocations Such translocations are usually harmless and may be found through prenatal diagnosis. However, carriers of balanced reciprocal translocations have increased risks of creating gametes with unbalanced chromosome translocations, leading to Infertility, miscarriages or children with abnormalities.
What is translocation in fertility?
Chromosomal abnormalities are a significant cause of infertility [1]. A reciprocal translocation is an interchange of chromosomal material between specific chromosomes [2]. These are balanced when the exchange does not result in loss of genetic material [3], and unbalanced when genetic material is gained and/or lost.
What is the difference between reciprocal and non reciprocal translocation?
Nonreciprocal translocations are one-way translocations in which a chromosomal segment is transferred to a nonhomologous chromosome. Reciprocal translocations, on the other hand, involve the exchange of segments from two nonhomologous chromosomes.
Can you have a healthy baby with balanced translocation?
Natural conception and live birth is possible in cases of balanced translocation, but those with the condition may have more difficulty conceiving and are at a greater risk of recurrent miscarriage than those without it.
Can translocation be fixed?
Treatment. There is no cure for balanced translocation, and in most cases, the only adverse effect on health is recurrent miscarriages.
How does translocation affect offspring?
Individuals who carry a balanced translocation are at risk of having recurrent miscarriages or indeed a child with congenital abnormalities and/or learning difficulties as the offspring might inherit an unbalanced form of the translocation.
What is an example of reciprocal translocation?
A prototypical example of this phenomenon is represented by the Philadelphia chromosome associated with human lymphoma/leukemia. This specific chromosomal abnormality consists of a translocation between the long arms of chromosomes 9 and 22 and is seen in 85% of patients with chronic myelogenous leukemia.
What are the two types of translocation?
There are two main types of translocations: reciprocal and Robertsonian. In a reciprocal translocation, two different chromosomes have exchanged segments with each other. In a Robertsonian translocation, an entire chromosome attaches to another at the centromere.
What phase does translocation occur?
Translocations occur when chromosomes become broken during meiosis and the resulting fragment becomes joined to another chromosome.
How do you fix translocation?
There is no cure for balanced translocation, and in most cases, the only adverse effect on health is recurrent miscarriages. 1 For couples affected by balanced translocation, odds are in favor of a successful pregnancy at some point, but repeated miscarriages can obviously be difficult to cope with emotionally.
Is Down Syndrome a reciprocal translocation?
Yes. Translocation Down Syndrome is the only type of Down Syndrome that can be passed down from a parent who does not have features of Down Syndrome.