By What does AMP-PNP do?
AMP-PNP (adenylyl-imidodiphosphate) is a non-hydrolysable analogue of ATP. It inhibits fast axonal transport and facilitates the interaction between membranous organelles and microtubules.
What effect does AMP-PNP have on the normal microtubule function in cells?
The nonhydrolyzable ATP analogue AMP-PNP stabilizes a tightly bound kinesin–microtubule complex.
How far does one head of kinesin move when it takes a single step?
10 milliseconds
36.12) revealed that a two-headed kinesin-1 can move along a single (or two parallel) microtubule protofilaments for long distances at 0.8 µm/s. The motor makes discrete steps of 8 nm, the spacing of successive tubulin dimers in a microtubule. Each step takes 10 milliseconds when kinesin is moving at full speed.
How does kinesin bind to microtubules?
Kinesin accomplishes transport by “walking” along a microtubule. In the “hand-over-hand” mechanism, the kinesin heads step past one another, alternating the lead position. In the “inchworm” mechanism, one kinesin head always leads, moving forward a step before the trailing head catches up.
What is the structure of AMP PNP?
Phosphoaminophosphonic acid-adenylate ester
| PubChem CID | 33113 |
|---|---|
| Structure | Find Similar Structures |
| Molecular Formula | C10H17N6O12P3 |
| Synonyms | AMP-PNP gamma-Imino-ATP ADENYLYL IMIDODIPHOSPHATE AMPPNP Adenyl imidodiphosphate More… |
| Molecular Weight | 506.20 |
What is ATP gamma S?
ATP-γ-S is a substrate and inhibitor of ATP-dependent enzyme systems. It is hydrolyzed very slowly by phosphatases and most ATPases. Once thiophosphorylated, proteins are resistant to protein phosphatases.
What is the impact of Monastrol on spindle structure?
A small compound named monastrol inhibits kinesin-5, resulting in monopolar mitotic spindles that fail to segregate the chromosomes.
How does Monastrol affect kinesin-5?
Monastrol is a small, cell-permeable molecule that arrests cells in mitosis by specifically inhibiting Eg5, a member of the Kinesin-5 family. Monastrol promotes a dramatic decrease in the observed rate of Eg5 association with microtubules, and ADP release is slowed without trapping the Mt·Eg5·ADP intermediate.
How many steps does kinesin take?
Two dimeric microtubule-based motor proteins, kinesin-1 and cytoplasmic dynein can take over one hundred steps without detaching from the track. In this review, we discuss how these processive motors coordinate the activities of their two identical motor domains so that they can walk along microtubules.
What happens when kinesin is damaged?
Similarly, impaired kinesin function could lead to reduced calcium channel density in terminal membranes, causing impaired neurotransmitter release. However, reduced anterograde transport of other terminal components could also cause impaired transmitter release.
Is myosin a kinesin?
Kinesin and myosin are motor proteins (driven by ATP) that walk along molecular rails in order to transport molecular cargo within cells; kinesin moves along microtubules, myosin moves along microfilaments of actin. Myosin also produces the contraction of muscle cells.